Report examines current state of early childhood education and care across Europe
The third edition of “Key data on early childhood education and care in Europe” is produced by the Eurydice network.

This updated report includes
- a comprehensive overview across 37 European countries, including 27 EU Member States
- detailed data and examples of policies and practices
- key trends and insights for policymakers, researchers, and parents
Key findings
Progress has been made, yet challenges persist
Many European countries have expanded access to early childhood education and care prior to primary school.
However, a significant gap remains in ensuring universal access to education from an earlier age.
Quality of services varies widely across Europe
Denmark, Germany, Estonia, Slovenia, Finland, Sweden, and Norway lead the way with guaranteed early education access, coordinated governance under a single ministry, highly qualified staff, and coherent educational approach.
The shift from childcare to early education continues
During the last decade, 7 education systems have introduced formal educational guidelines for children under the age of 3.
This reflects the growing recognition of the importance of early learning in shaping children's futures.
Early learning for a sustainable future
Most European countries are incorporating sustainability education into their curricula.
This includes encouraging children to develop an understanding of environmental issues and the importance of sustainable practices.
Digital education is on the rise
The majority of European education systems provide digital competencies to young children.
However, some countries are introducing restrictions on the use of digital technologies in early childhood education and care.
Staffing shortages pose a challenge
Two-thirds of European countries report a shortage of staff in early childhood education and care.
This highlights the urgent need for improved working conditions and enhanced professional development to attract and retain qualified educators.
The future of early childhood education and care in the context of population decline
Across Europe, the number of children under the age of 6 has decreased by over 2 million in the last decade.
By 2030, demographic projections estimate 1 million fewer children in the age range of early childhood education and care (source: Eurostat).
This demographic shift may have significant implications, including
- Rebalancing supply and demand: the demographic shifts may allow more targeted support to families and young children.
- Impact on quality: the reduction in enrolment could lead to improved working conditions, enabling staff to focus on developing their skills and competences. This could ultimately enhance the quality of early childhood education and care.
- Closures of centres: in rural and depopulated areas, targeted policies need to prevent the closure of early childhood education and care centres to ensure access for all children.
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